Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecosystem Tank: Flower Selection and Care Methods

Introduction to Ecological Terrariums for Amphibians and Reptiles

Amphibians and reptiles, such as snakes, frogs, and lizards, have become popular pets for many animal enthusiasts. Besides love and patience, raising these animals requires attention to their environment. Unlike typical household pets, amphibians and reptiles struggle to survive in human living spaces, so most people set up a terrarium that simulates their natural habitat. This environment provides them with a sense of security, reduces their stress, and allows enthusiasts to observe and understand them better.

Setting Up an Ecological Terrarium

Setting up an ecological terrarium is an intricate process. It involves considering space density, humidity, and lighting, among other factors. Different species have unique environmental requirements. Given that this article is based on a floristry course, the focus will be on selecting plant species and the reasoning behind these choices. Additionally, some care strategies and humidity-related issues will be discussed. Assuming we have an empty terrarium that has been divided into water and land sections with minimal disturbance between them (e.g., using a glass panel to prevent water from flowing directly into the soil), we can begin selecting plants.

Land Section Plant Selection

For the land section, we can start by planting a lawn. The lawn helps hold the soil together, preventing it from shifting. However, before planting, ensure that the animals’ weight won’t trample the grass. Also, consider the overall layout and humidity levels; areas that are frequently trodden upon can become damaged and muddy when wet.

The question arises whether to lay turf or sow seeds. Both methods can create a grassy environment. Laying turf is recommended because it yields quick results and doesn’t require meticulous soil preparation. Moreover, amphibians and reptiles have a habit of digging, which can be mitigated by using turf. Turf replacement is also relatively easy. Suitable grass species include Zoysia macrostachya or Zoysia minica, known for their resilience and tolerance to shade and moisture. They are often used for soil stabilization and have soft stems and leaves that won’t harm the animals’ sensitive skin.

It’s essential to choose low-growing grass species to maintain visibility and aesthetics. Keeping the soil level slightly lower than the water surface can also enhance visibility when the grass grows. This setup allows for better observation of the animals without compromising the terrarium’s natural appearance.

Plant Selection for the Water’s Edge

At the edge of the water and land, plants that thrive in moist conditions should be planted to beautify the environment, prevent weed growth, and control erosion. Recommended species include Iris laevigata, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Alisma orientale, Typha latifolia, and Microcarpaea minima. These plants are hardy, can survive in marshy conditions, and have soft leaves. However, in very small terrariums, their underground rhizomes might occupy too much space.

Planting in the Land Section

In the land section, plants with large leaves that tolerate moisture or those with dense, small leaves should be chosen. These provide hiding places for the animals and should be selected carefully to avoid species with thorns that could harm them.

Ferns, such as Asplenium nidus, are excellent choices. They grow well in warm, humid conditions year-round and can be attached to driftwood or rocks, enhancing the terrarium’s appearance and providing a hiding place for the animals. Other fern species like Nephrolepis, Pteris, and Platycerium can also be considered. If the terrarium is large enough, Gardenia can be added, but ensure the drainage system is efficient to prevent waterlogged soil.

Additional Plant Recommendations

Selaginella (spike moss) is another good option for terrariums, preferring high humidity (60%-80%), which is easily achieved in a covered terrarium. For plants that require soil to be alternately wet and dry, such as Begonia or Peperomia, planting them in pots within the terrarium can help control soil moisture.

General Principles for Plant Selection

In general, terrariums should primarily feature ferns and shade-tolerant plants with minimal flowering plants, as some flower fragrances can affect the animals. Plants with strong scents or toxicity, like Jasminum, Nerium, Rhododendron, and Hibiscus, should be avoided. Given the high humidity in terrariums, soil moisture must be strictly controlled, typically between 15%-18%, to prevent root rot.

Maintenance and Humidity Control

To maintain appropriate humidity, installing an air purifier or a negative ion generator can be helpful. For terrariums already affected by mold, improving ventilation and sprinkling ash or using 1% formalin or 0.1% potassium permanganate can be emergency measures.

Conclusion

The above discussion provides a personal perspective on setting up an ecological terrarium for amphibians and reptiles, focusing on plant selection and care. Due to the limitations of this course and the author’s experience, some aspects like water and soil microbial control, and the setup of circulation and temperature control systems, are not covered.

References

• 熊济华，唐岱. 2000. 藤蔓花卉
• 王意成. 1999. 时尚观叶植物
• Dorling Kindersley. 1999. Plants for shade
• Dorling Kindersley. 2002. Lawns and Ground
• Dorling Kindersley. 2002. Flower shrubs cover
• Dorling Kindersley. 2002. Annuals & Biennials
• 湖中华，刘师汉. 1994. 草坪与地被植物
• 孙钜，得一兵. 2000. 微型花卉
• 曾秀云，马仁华. 2001. 科学养蝎技术200问
• Lasing M.Prescott John p.Harley Donald A.klein. 2003. 微生物学